Introduction:
Shoulder pain is a common and often debilitating problem. While many people focus on the larger shoulder joint, the source of their discomfort is often a small but vital structure at the very top of the shoulder: the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. For those dealing with persistent pain, understanding the underlying cause is the first step toward finding a solution. At the London Osteoporosis Clinic, we specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions of the AC joint, helping our patients regain comfort and mobility. This comprehensive guide will help you understand what acromioclavicular joint disorders are, why they cause pain, and how they can be effectively managed.
What is the Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint?
The AC joint is the small articulation where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion (the highest point of the shoulder blade). Despite its small size, this joint is critical for the full range of motion of your arm. Its key features include:
- A protective cartilage disc which often shows signs of wear and tear as early as age 40.
- Strong supporting ligaments that stabilize the joint, particularly the coracoclavicular ligaments.
- Natural age-related changes, which can lead to narrowing of the joint, even in individuals without pain.
Common Causes of AC Joint Pain
Pain in the AC joint can arise from various factors, often stemming from injury or repetitive stress.
- Injury (Separated Shoulder): A direct fall onto the shoulder or a sports injury can sprain or tear the ligaments supporting the AC joint. This is known as an AC joint separation, graded from mild (type I) to severe (type VI).
- Overuse and Repetitive Strain: Activities that involve repetitive overhead or cross-body movements, such as weightlifting (especially bench presses), swimming, or certain sports, can lead to painful irritation of the AC joint.
- Degeneration (Osteoarthritis): The cartilage in the joint can wear down over time, leading to pain and stiffness, similar to arthritis in other joints. This is a common cause of chronic acromioclavicular joint pain.
- Osteolysis (Bone Resorption): This condition, sometimes called “weightlifter’s shoulder,” involves the reabsorption of bone from the end of the collarbone due to heavy, repetitive stress.
- Other Rare Causes: Less common causes can include inflammatory arthritis, infection, or other systemic diseases.
How to Recognize AC Joint Pain: Symptoms
Symptoms of an AC joint disorder are often localized and distinct from other types of shoulder pain. Watch out for these signs:
- Sharp, localized pain at the very top of the shoulder.
- Increased pain when lifting the arm overhead or reaching across the chest.
- Pain that may radiate to the neck, trapezius muscle, or upper arm.
- Pain during the night, especially when sleeping on the affected side.
- A clicking, grinding, or popping sensation when moving the arm.
Diagnosis of Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Our specialists use a combination of methods to pinpoint the source of your shoulder pain:
- Physical Examination: We check for focal tenderness directly over the AC joint and perform special tests, such as the cross-body adduction test.
- Imaging: X-rays, including a specialized Zanca view, provide a clear picture of the joint’s alignment and condition. Ultrasound and MRI scans can also be used to assess soft tissue damage and other sources of pain.
- Diagnostic Injection: An ultrasound-guided injection of a local anesthetic into the joint can confirm the AC joint as the source of your pain. If the pain subsides immediately, the diagnosis is confirmed.
Effective Treatment for AC Joint Pain
Treatment for acromioclavicular joint disorders is always customized to the specific cause and severity.
Conservative Care
For most cases, a non-surgical approach provides excellent results:
- Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding movements that cause pain.
- Physiotherapy: A targeted program to strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve posture, and restore function.
- Pain Relief: Use of ice, over-the-counter medication, or a prescribed regimen.
- Corticosteroid Injections: These can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.
Surgical Intervention
For severe injuries or persistent pain that does not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be considered. A common procedure is a distal clavicle resection, which involves removing a small section of the collarbone to prevent it from rubbing against the acromion. This can be performed with an open or arthroscopic (keyhole) approach, offering long-term relief.
Our Holistic Approach to AC Joint Health
At the London Osteoporosis Clinic, our focus extends beyond simply treating the pain. We take a holistic view, assessing your overall bone and muscle health, posture, and lifestyle to ensure long-term wellness and prevent future issues. Our goal is to restore function, alleviate pain, and empower you with the knowledge to protect your joints for years to come.
👉 If you’re dealing with persistent shoulder pain, particularly at the top of your shoulder, don’t wait. Book a consultation with a specialist at the London Osteoporosis Clinic today.
Call us to book a consultation and take the first step toward lasting relief.
Clinic Information: Phone: +44 (0)20 7193 7867
Email: [email protected]
Address: London Osteoporosis Clinic, HCA the Shard, 32 St Thomas Street, London SE1 9BS
Online consultations are available. Contact us to learn more.
